Theories of Motivation
Theories
of Motivation
Drive Theory of Clark
Hull
·
Drive
-
Is a condition of arousal on tension
that motivates behavior
-
Drives most typically have been
considered to involve physiological survival needs; hunger, thirst, sleep,
pain, sex
-
A drive results from the activation of
a need
·
Need
-
A physiological deficiency that
creates condition of disequilibrium in the body
Self-Efficacy of
Albert Bandura
·
Self-Efficacy
-
It is the belief that one has
capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective
situations, unlike efficacy, which is the power to produce an effect in
self-efficacy is the belief that one has the power to produce that effect.
-
Self-efficacy relates to person’s
perception of his/her ability to reach a goal while, self-esteem relates to
person’s sense of self-worth.
Self-Determination
·
Self-Determination
-
Comes from the sense of autonomy that
a person has when it comes to things that he does and the choice he makes.
-
Tasks for a long period of time
-
To think meaningfully and creatively
about those tasks
-
To experience pleasure in one’s
activities
-
To achieve at higher level
-
We have the capacity to take risks or
challenges that can enrich our lives and develop ourselves more
Expectancies and
Values of Atkinson
·
Expectancy Variables
-
People must believe than they can
accomplish a task, that is, they should have expectancy about what they want to
achieve.
·
Value Variables
-
They should place an importance or
value in what they are doing.
Attribution Theory of
B. Weiner
-
People’s various explanations for
successes and failures – their beliefs about what causes attributions.
-
Dimensions underlying people’s
attribution, people can explain evets in may different ways. For example, a tennis
player may attribute his wins and successes in matches to things like – health,
effort, mood, strengths and weaknesses of his opponents, and climate.
Techniques in
Motivating Learners
-
Challenge them
-
Encourage them
-
Build on strengths first
-
Offer choices
-
Provide a secure environment to fail
